The Permanency Amendments fail to adequately take into account the reality and dynamics of family violence underlying the incidence of Aboriginal child protection involvement. This submission addresses the limited capacity of the Court to make orders in the best interests of Aboriginal children, inappropriate constraints on the cultural rights of Aboriginal children, the lack of meaningful involvement of Aboriginal families and communities into case planning and permanency decision-making, and the need for earlier, intensive and long-term supports for Aboriginal women to deal with family violence victimization and achieve stability such that they can safely resume the care of their children.